Advanced Materials, Nanotechnology and Engineering

Carbon nanostructures, including fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, are materials composed of carbon atoms arranged in specific configurations at the nanoscale. Fullerenes are spherical molecules, while carbon nanotubes are cylindrical with remarkable strength and electrical conductivity, making them ideal for applications in materials science and electronics.Graphene, a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, stands out due to its exceptional properties. It is incredibly strong, lightweight, and an excellent conductor of heat and electricity. Graphene's applications are vast, ranging from flexible electronics and high-performance batteries to advanced composites and sensors. Its high surface area and chemical stability make it suitable for use in drug delivery and water purification.Both carbon nanostructures and graphene are revolutionizing various industries by offering innovative solutions that enhance performance, efficiency, and sustainability in fields such as electronics, energy storage, and environmental technologies.