Professor Samuel A. Afuwape has 32 years experience in University Teaching and Research. Founder and Director OKE-NanoBiotechnology.org (Genomic and Metagenomic). Post-doctorate at Biomedical Engineering, USC, Los Angeles, CA USA. Recent Author - Prototyping DNA Biosensor.. Founding Chair of Engineering and System Technology at Atlanta Technical College, Atlanta, GA, USA. Associate Faculty Professor at School of Engineering and Media National University, San Diego, CA. Invited Author International Journal of Nanotechnology. Published and presented over 80 technical papers, abstracts and posters at academic symposium, conferences and conventions across United States. Served United Nations as Biomedical Engineer Expertise in University Teaching Hospital, Northern Nigeria, West Africa.

Can viral mutation during pandemic be predicted by utilizing etiological evolution and genomic stochastic analyses? We’re exploiting molecular computation, sequence annotation, alignments, machine learning of repository database for modeling stochastic comparative gene findings, parameter optimization, to shed insights, track and predict viral mutations, to support timely treatments and vaccines effectiveness of current and future pandemic viral infections.

I am Dr. Ziba Mozaffari, 38 years old and I live in Iran and I am a member of the faculty of the Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj Branch in Kurdistan Province, Iran. I currently hold a Ph.D. degree in animal sciences-developmental sciences from the Islamic Azad University of Tehran Science and Research Branch. I am also married and have two young children, so as a mother and a university researcher, I am very happy to be at your service, dear ones.

Background and aim: Humans are easily in contact with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) as they are widely used in several fields. Some studies have reported their toxic effects on various cells and proteins. Therefore, we aimed to study their effects on antioxidant markers including superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPX), as well as oxidative stress marker malondialdehylde (MDA) on male mice. Materials and methods: A total of 30 adult NMRI male mice, with two months of age and 28-32 g in weight were used in this study. The mice were divided in five groups, each consisting of 6 mice. Of these, one was the control group, one was the sham group which received only distilled water, and one was the treatment group which received intraperitoneal injection of ZnO NPs at 250, 500, and 700 mg/kg/day. Upon 7 days of treatment, heart blood was collected to measure SOD, GPX, and MDA levels. One-way ANOVA test was used for statistical analysis. Results: In male mice exposed to ZnO NPs, SOD levels increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05). GPX levels showed a significant following 250 and 700 mg/kg/day ZnO NP treatment. Finally, an insignificant reduction in MDA level was observed following treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg/day ZnO NPs, while a significant elevation was observed following treatment with 700 mg/kg/day ZnO NP. Conclusion: High dosages of ZnO NPs should be used with great cautious as they might have cytotoxic activities leading to irreversible defects. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact mechanisms of ZnO NPs on oxidative stress in cells.

Kajal Yadav has completed her bachelors in Biological science at the age of 20 years from Sri Venkateswara college, University of Delhi and masters in Biochemistry in 2020 from University of Delhi, South campus. She is currently pursuing Ph.D in Biochemistry from same university.

Loss of blood or hemoglobin from the body or its under production in several situations like surgery, accidents, battle wounds, blood diseases (anemia, thalassemia, etc) and pathogen mediated infection (HIV, dengue, etc) is a serious threat to the human kind. Such medical emergencies require blood transfusion to save lives. However, the worldwide supply of donated blood for transfusion therapy is always less than the demand. Scientists have thus been forced to look for alternatives to donated blood, which are called “artificial blood substitutes”, “artificial hemoglobins” or “hemoglobin based oxygen carriers (HBOC)”. However, such hemoglobins suffer quite a few disadvantages like long term stability of hemoglobin, correct folding of polypeptide, rapidly dissociating into its constituent αβ dimers, heme insertion, proper orientation of the heme within the protein and rapid heme loss. Research over the years has solved many of the problems related to use of HBOCs by introducing suitable mutations at appropriate sites to control their ligand binding reactions, affinities, polypeptide dissociation, etc. To gain some further insight into Hb folding and stability I have employed insilico anlaysis. Synechocystis hemoglobin (SynHb) with its unique properties and unparalleled stability serve as an excellent reference system. The fact that the factors that dictate its stability- covalent linkage to heme by His46 or His117, have been investigated and verified, based on these results non-axial His was introduced in Mb that can covalently link heme vinyl group in the same way that His117 does in SynHb to introduce heme stability in Hb. Similarly, we can use site directed mutagenesis to change amino acids surrounding the heme pocket to His in recombinant human hemoglobin in order to increase protein stability.

PhD of Nanobiology, MEng, MS, CTS, PMP, Editor, Radio Anchor, Certified Life Coach

According to Mandal, almost from the beginning of life on earth, mankind was affected and suffered by breast cancer. Almost In every era in recorded history, it is mentioned and written about. Breast cancer’s symptoms are visible. At late stages the lumps advance toward the tumors. This process has been recorded by physicians in ancient times. She stated that this is because; breast cancer is not like the other internal cancers. Breast lumps tend to show themselves. Galen’s theories on breast cancer were accepted until the 17th century. She found that in 1680, Francoisdela Boe Sylvius a French scientist began to reject the funny theory of cancer. He hypothesized that cancer was not caused by the black bile. He said it cause from a chemical which transformed lymphatic fluids from acidic to acrid. In 1730s, a physician from Paris under the name of Daude DeshaisGendron rejected the theory of Galen. Mandal mentioned that he believed when glandular and nerve tissue get mix with lymph vessels, cancer begins to develop. In 1895, a Scottish surgeon George Beatson discovered when he removed ovaries from the breast cancer; the breast tumor began to shrink. From that time on, many surgeons began to remove both ovaries. They performed a radical mastectomy for breast cancer patients. The tumor began to shrink after removing the ovaries because of the estrogen.Mandal found that Estrogen which is released from the ovaries helped the tumor to grow and to become larger. But removing the ovaries “Estrogen” helped the tumor to shrink meaning to get smaller. With the advent of modern medicine, from 1995, almost ten percent of breast cancer patients went under mastectomy. This period was followed by the new the rapies for breast cancer like: hormone treatments, surgeries and biological the rapies. Scientists isolated the genes that caused breast cancer, like the genes: ATM, BRCA2, and BRCA1. According to Doamekpor, BRCA1 and BRCA2 are human genes. They produce proteins that eliminate and suppress tumors. They repair the damages to our DNA. He stated that if a mutation happens in one of the genes and BRCA1 or BRCA2 do not work properly. DNA damages may not be repaired; this process leads to cancer.